An Accelerated Life Testing Dataset for Lithium-Ion Batteries with Constant and Variable Loading Conditions
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Abstract
The development of new modes of transportation, such as electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft and the use of drones for package and medical delivery, has increased the demand for reliable and powerful electric batteries. The most common batteries in electric-powered vehicles use Lithium-ion (Li-ion). Because of their long cycle life, they are the preferred choice for battery packs deployed over a lifespan of many years. Thus, battery aging needs to be well understood to achieve safe and reliable operation, and life cycle experiments are a crucial tool to characterize the effect of degradation and failure. With the importance of battery durability in mind, we present an accelerated Li-ion battery life cycle data set, focused on a large range of load levels, for batteries composed of two 18650 cells. We tested 26 battery packs grouped by: (i) constant or random loading conditions, (ii) loading levels, and (iii) number of load level changes. Furthermore, we conducted load cycling on second-life batteries, where surviving cells from previously-aged packs were assembled to second-life packs. The goal is to provide the PHM community with an additional data set characterized by unique features. The aggressive load profiles create large temperature increases within the cells. Temperature effects becomes therefore important for prognosis. Some samples are subject to changes in amplitude and number of load levels, thus approaching the level of variability encountered in real operations. Reassembling of survival cells into new packs created additional data that can be used to evaluate the performance of recommissioned batteries. The data set can be leveraged to develop and test models for state-of-charge and state-of-health prognosis. This paper serves as a companion to the data set. It outlines the design of experiment, shows some exemplifying time-series voltage curves and aging data, describes the testbed design and capabilities, and also provides information about the outliers detected thus far. Upon acceptance, the data set will be made available on the NASA Ames Prognostics Center of Excellence Data Repository.
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Li-ion battery prognostics, Battery aging, Accelerated life testing, Li-ion battery dataset
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